Adenosine Triphosphate

What does the research say?

Research suggests that directly supplementing with ATP might not increase ATP levels in the blood, but it can still improve muscle function [4] . Studies show that ATP supplementation can lead to increased power and strength, which are crucial for building muscle mass [4] . Chronic ATP supplementation has shown to increase lean body mass in trained athletes [4] . The positive impact of ATP is possibly linked to improved muscle activation and excitability [4] . When muscles are more excitable, they can respond more effectively to exercise, which could support better muscle growth over time [4] . Additionally, ATP increases blood flow, potentially promoting nutrient delivery to muscles [4] . Some research also indicates that increased perfusion rates in muscle tissue can lead to a rise in ATP concentration [7] .

Potential vascular issues

Chronic increases in ATP in the vasculature could potentially contribute to conditions like hypertension and atherosclerosis [9] . While more research is needed, it's something to be aware of, particularly if you have pre-existing vascular conditions.

Hypotension

In some individuals, ATP supplementation might cause a drop in blood pressure, which is not always desired, especially during strenuous activity [9] .

Gastrointestinal discomfort

Some individuals may experience mild gastrointestinal issues, such as nausea, bloating, or discomfort with ATP supplementation. This is something that could be monitored by the user [11] .

[1] Studying metabolic regulation in human muscle.

This review discusses the use of phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study muscle metabolism, focusing on oxidative ATP synthesis and the complex feedback mechanisms that regulate it. It suggests that more precise data is needed to understand open-loop control mechanisms in muscle metabolism, but that it is dominated by closed-loop mechanisms. The review also highlights the need for better conceptual tools to analyze the available data.

[2] Adenosine 5'-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels.

This review focuses on ATP-sensitive potassium channels in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and pancreatic beta-cells. It highlights the channel's role in linking electrical activity to metabolism, glucose levels, and oxygen levels, and discusses the modulatory role of ATP and other nucleotides. It also suggests that disorders of cell metabolism might alter channel activity.

[3] Calcium and cell death.

This paper discusses calcium overloading in injured cardiac myocytes, including the conditions under which it occurs, the routes of Ca2+ entry, and the metabolic consequences, including decreased ATP levels. It also explores protective procedures such as hypothermia and nifedipine, which can help maintain ATP levels during ischemia and reperfusion.

[4] Oral Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) Administration Increases Postexercise ATP Levels, Muscle Excitability, and Athletic Performance Following a Repeated Sprint Bout.

This study found that while oral ATP supplementation doesn't increase plasma ATP, it can increase post-exercise ATP levels in muscle, improve muscle excitability, and enhance athletic performance following a repeated sprint bout.

[5] A Simple Hydraulic Analog Model of Oxidative Phosphorylation.

This review discusses ATP as the primary energy currency in cells, highlighting its role in powering processes like muscle contraction. It details how mitochondria produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation and how endurance training enhances ATP free energy defense during exercise, and how it is critical for cellular homeostasis.

[6] Neuronal and extraneuronal release of ATP and NAD(+) in smooth muscle.

This review discusses ATP as a key intracellular constituent involved in energy transfer and redox homeostasis. It also discusses that ATP functions as a neurotransmitter in smooth muscle, influencing various actions through cell-surface receptors.

[7] Phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations increase during flow-stimulated metabolism in a non-contracting muscle.

This study found that increasing perfusion rates in isolated rat gracilis muscle led to significant increases in phosphocreatine and ATP concentrations. This highlights the link between blood flow and ATP production in muscle tissue.

[8] Nuclear overhauser effect studies on the conformation of magnesium adenosine 5'-triphosphate bound to rabbit muscle creatine kinase.

This study examines the conformation of MgATP bound to creatine kinase in rabbit muscle, finding two distinct structures with a consistent anti glycosidic torsional angle. The results suggest the structural preference of creatine kinase for adenine nucleotides.

[9] Mechanisms of ATP release and signalling in the blood vessel wall.

This review discusses ATP as a signaling molecule in the blood vessel wall, in addition to its role as the cell's primary energy currency. It covers its release mechanisms and effects through purinergic receptors, emphasizing its role in regulating vascular tone, blood flow, and oxygen delivery, and its potential links to vascular pathologies.

[10] The importance of ATP-related compounds for the freshness and flavor of post-mortem fish and shellfish muscle: A review.

This review discusses ATP degradation in post-mortem fish and shellfish muscle. The degradation of ATP can be used as an indicator of freshness, and its impact on the flavor profile of such products.

[11] ADENOSINE 5'-TRIPHOSPHATE-ARGININE PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE FROM LOBSTER MUSCLE: PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES.

This paper focuses on the role of ATP as a substrate in the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by arginine kinase in lobster muscle. It explores how ATP donates a phosphate group to arginine, producing ADP and phosphoarginine. The kinetics of this reaction and the influence of factors such as ionic strength and pH are also discussed.

[12] ATP-dependent potassium channels of muscle cells: their properties, regulation, and possible functions.

This review discusses ATP-dependent potassium channels found in heart, skeletal, and smooth muscle. It explores their regulation by ATP, ADP/ATP ratios, and pH, as well as their role in controlling cell excitability and potential involvement in muscle K+ loss and vasodilation.

[13] Effects of ATP and adenosine on contraction amplitude of rat soleus muscle at different temperatures.

This study evaluates the effect of ATP and adenosine on the contractility of mammalian skeletal muscle under hypothermic conditions.