Overview
What is it?
Benzoyl peroxide topical is a widely used medication for treating acne. It is not naturally occurring but is synthesized for medical use. It is available in various forms, such as gels, creams, and washes, and is commonly found in over-the-counter acne treatments.
How does it work?
Benzoyl peroxide works by killing the bacteria (Cutibacterium acnes, formerly known as Propionibacterium acnes) that contribute to acne. It also helps to reduce inflammation and unclog pores by removing excess oil and dead skin cells. This dual action makes it effective in treating both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions .
What are the benefits?
Benzoyl peroxide is effective for mild to moderate acne and can be used alone or in combination with other treatments like retinoids or antibiotics. It helps reduce the number of acne lesions, prevents new breakouts, and minimizes the risk of antibiotic resistance when used with antibiotics . Additionally, it is available in different strengths (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), allowing for personalized treatment based on skin sensitivity and acne severity .
Effectiveness
What does the research say?
Research shows that benzoyl peroxide is highly effective in reducing acne lesions. A study comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide found that all concentrations were effective in reducing inflammatory lesions, with the 2.5% formulation being as effective as the higher concentrations but causing fewer side effects like dryness and irritation . Benzoyl peroxide is also recommended as a first-line treatment for acne, often combined with topical retinoids or antibiotics to enhance its effectiveness and reduce the risk of bacterial resistance .
Side Effects
Dryness
Dryness: Benzoyl peroxide can cause the skin to become dry, especially when first starting treatment. Using a moisturizer can help alleviate this .
Redness
Redness: Some people may experience redness or mild inflammation at the application site, which usually subsides with continued use .
Peeling
Peeling: The medication may cause the skin to peel as it removes dead skin cells and unclogs pores .
Burning or stinging sensation
Burning or stinging sensation: A temporary burning or stinging feeling may occur, particularly if the skin is sensitive or if a higher concentration is used .
Skin irritation
Skin irritation: In some cases, benzoyl peroxide can cause irritation, especially if overused or applied to broken skin .
Evidence
Clinical Studies & Trials
[1] Treatment of acne
This review emphasizes the importance of treating acne effectively and recommends topical treatments like benzoyl peroxide for mild to moderate acne, while reserving oral antibiotics and isotretinoin for severe cases.
View study[2] Acne Vulgaris: Diagnosis and Treatment
This paper discusses the prevalence of acne vulgaris and recommends benzoyl peroxide as a key component of acne treatment, often in combination with retinoids and antibiotics.
View study[3] Acne treatment review and future perspectives
This review highlights benzoyl peroxide as a first-line treatment for acne and discusses its role in combination therapies for better outcomes.
View study[4] Novel and emerging treatment options for acne vulgaris
This paper reviews emerging acne treatments and mentions benzoyl peroxide as a foundational therapy, often combined with other agents for enhanced efficacy.
View study[5] Topical Retinoids in Acne Vulgaris: A Systematic Review
This systematic review discusses the use of topical retinoids in acne treatment, often in combination with benzoyl peroxide for better results.
View study[6] Systematic review of antibiotic resistance in acne: an increasing topical and oral threat
This review highlights the growing issue of antibiotic resistance in acne treatment and recommends benzoyl peroxide as a key alternative to reduce resistance.
View study[7] Infantile acne
This study discusses the diagnosis and treatment of infantile acne but does not provide specific information on benzoyl peroxide.
View study[8] Comparing 2.5%, 5%, and 10% benzoyl peroxide on inflammatory acne vulgaris
This study compares the effectiveness of different concentrations of benzoyl peroxide and finds that 2.5% is as effective as higher concentrations but with fewer side effects.
View study