Overview
What is it?
Topical isotretinoin is a retinoid, a derivative of vitamin A, used to treat acne. Unlike oral isotretinoin, which is taken by mouth, topical isotretinoin is applied directly to the skin. It is not naturally occurring but is synthesized for medical use. Topical isotretinoin is often prescribed for mild to moderate acne and is particularly useful for individuals who cannot tolerate the side effects of oral isotretinoin.
How does it work?
Topical isotretinoin works by targeting the root causes of acne. It helps to normalize the shedding of skin cells inside hair follicles, preventing clogged pores that lead to acne. It also reduces sebum (oil) production, which is a key factor in acne development. Additionally, it has anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce redness and swelling associated with acne lesions .
What are the benefits?
Topical isotretinoin offers several benefits for acne treatment. It is effective in reducing both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne lesions. It is particularly beneficial for individuals with sensitive skin or those who cannot use oral medications due to side effects. Topical isotretinoin also minimizes the risk of systemic side effects, making it a safer option for long-term use .
Effectiveness
What does the research say?
Research shows that topical isotretinoin is effective in treating mild to moderate acne. Studies have demonstrated significant reductions in acne lesions, including blackheads, whiteheads, and pimples, after several weeks of use. It is particularly effective when used as part of a comprehensive skincare routine that includes gentle cleansing and moisturizing .
Side Effects
Dry skin
Dry skin is one of the most common side effects of topical isotretinoin. It occurs because the medication reduces oil production, which can leave the skin feeling tight and flaky .
Skin irritation
Skin irritation, including itching and burning, may occur, especially during the initial weeks of treatment. This usually subsides as the skin adjusts to the medication .
Redness
Redness, or erythema, is a common side effect, particularly in individuals with sensitive skin. It is usually mild and temporary .
Peeling
Peeling of the skin may occur as the medication promotes the shedding of dead skin cells. This is often a sign that the treatment is working .
Increased sensitivity to sunlight
Increased sensitivity to sunlight is a known side effect of topical isotretinoin. It is important to use sunscreen and avoid excessive sun exposure while using this medication .
Evidence
Clinical Studies & Trials
[1] Oral Isotretinoin and Its Uses in Dermatology: A Review
This review discusses the mechanisms and benefits of oral isotretinoin, including its effects on sebum production and inflammation, which are also relevant to topical isotretinoin.
View study[2] Acne Transcriptomics: Fundamentals of Acne Pathogenesis and Isotretinoin Treatment
This paper explores the molecular mechanisms of isotretinoin, including its effects on sebocyte apoptosis and sebum suppression, which are relevant to both oral and topical forms.
View study[3] Acne vulgaris
This review highlights the effectiveness of isotretinoin in treating severe acne, including its impact on sebaceous gland activity and sebum production.
View study[4] Efficacy and relapse rates of different Isotretinoin dosages in treating acne vulgaris: systemic review
This systematic review discusses the efficacy of isotretinoin in treating acne, including the challenges in determining the ideal dosing regimen.
View study[5] Adverse Events in Isotretinoin Therapy: A Single-Arm Meta-Analysis
This meta-analysis examines the side effects of isotretinoin, including mucocutaneous conditions, which are relevant to topical isotretinoin.
View study[6] Isotretinoin treatment for acne and risk of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis
This study investigates the controversial relationship between isotretinoin use and depression, focusing on oral isotretinoin but providing insights relevant to topical use.
View study[7] Isotretinoin and dermatosurgical procedures
This review examines the safety of performing dermatosurgical procedures on patients using isotretinoin, including topical forms.
View study[8] Isotretinoin and Timing of Procedural Interventions: A Systematic Review With Consensus Recommendations
This systematic review challenges the notion that isotretinoin use within 6-12 months of surgery leads to abnormal scarring, providing insights relevant to topical isotretinoin.
View study[9] Accutane (isotretinoin) and psychiatric adverse effects
This review discusses the psychiatric side effects of isotretinoin, focusing on oral forms but providing context for topical use.
View study[10] Use of isotretinoin and risk of depression in patients with acne: a systematic review and meta-analysis
This meta-analysis explores the association between isotretinoin use and depression, focusing on oral forms but relevant to topical isotretinoin.
View study[11] Isotretinoin: dose, duration and relapse. What does 30 years of usage tell us?
This review provides insights into the long-term use of isotretinoin, including its efficacy and relapse rates, which are relevant to topical forms.
View study[12] Systemic retinoid therapy
This review discusses the use of systemic retinoids, including isotretinoin, for treating skin disorders, providing context for topical retinoid use.
View study[13] Treatment of Resistant Acne Vulgaris in Adolescents Using Dietary Supplementation with Magnesium, Phosphate and Fatty Acids (Omega 6 and 7): Comparison with 13-Cis-Retinoic Acid
This study compares the efficacy of dietary supplements with isotretinoin in treating acne, providing insights into alternative treatments.
View study