Overview
What is it?
Topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used treatments for acne. Retinoids, such as adapalene, are derived from vitamin A and help to normalize skin cell turnover, while benzoyl peroxide is a synthetic compound that kills acne-causing bacteria and reduces inflammation. These treatments are often combined in fixed formulations to target multiple causes of acne simultaneously .
How does it work?
Topical retinoids work by unclogging pores and preventing the formation of new acne lesions by normalizing the shedding of skin cells. Benzoyl peroxide, on the other hand, has antibacterial properties that reduce the population of Cutibacterium acnes (the bacteria responsible for acne) and has anti-inflammatory effects. When used together, they address multiple factors contributing to acne, including clogged pores, bacterial growth, and inflammation .
What are the benefits?
The combination of topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide is highly effective for treating mild to moderate acne. It helps reduce both inflammatory (red, swollen pimples) and non-inflammatory (blackheads and whiteheads) lesions. Early and consistent use can also prevent scarring and improve skin texture. These treatments are often recommended as first-line options due to their proven efficacy and ability to target multiple acne-causing factors .
Effectiveness
What does the research say?
Research shows that combining topical retinoids with benzoyl peroxide is more effective than using either treatment alone. Studies have demonstrated significant reductions in acne lesions, with improvements typically seen within 6–8 weeks of consistent use. Fixed combination products, such as adapalene with benzoyl peroxide, are particularly effective and are supported by clinical evidence as first-line treatments for acne .
Side Effects
Skin irritation
Skin irritation is a common side effect, especially when starting treatment. It often improves as the skin adjusts .
Dryness
Dryness can occur due to the exfoliating effects of retinoids and the drying properties of benzoyl peroxide. Using a non-comedogenic moisturizer can help .
Redness
Redness may develop, particularly in sensitive skin types. Starting with alternate-day application can minimize this effect .
Burning or stinging sensation
A burning or stinging sensation may occur, especially if the skin is already irritated. Short-contact therapy (applying for a short time before washing off) can reduce this .
Scaling or peeling
Scaling or peeling is a result of increased skin cell turnover caused by retinoids. Gentle exfoliation and moisturizing can help manage this side effect .
Evidence
Clinical Studies & Trials
[1] Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris.
This paper provides guidelines for managing acne vulgaris, emphasizing the use of topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide as effective treatments.
View study[2] Management of Acne Vulgaris: A Review.
This review discusses the global impact of acne vulgaris and highlights the role of topical retinoids and benzoyl peroxide in its treatment.
View study[3] Managing acne vulgaris: an update.
This paper reviews the use of topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide, and antibiotics as first-line treatments for acne, emphasizing their combined efficacy.
View study[4] Novel and emerging treatment options for acne vulgaris.
This review highlights recent advances in acne treatment, including fixed combinations of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide.
View study[5] Tolerability and Efficacy of Clindamycin/Tretinoin versus Adapalene/Benzoyl Peroxide in the Treatment of Acne Vulgaris.
This study compares the efficacy and tolerability of two combination acne treatments, highlighting the benefits of adapalene and benzoyl peroxide.
View study